ABSTRACT
Background: limited data exist on the prevalence of radiographic abnormalities after COVID-19 pneumonia, and the extent to which High Resolution CT (HRCT) features correlate with symptoms and function after 12-month from hospitalization remains unclear. Aim(s): To prospectively assess and characterize, among all discharged patients with COVID-19, those with persisting pulmonary sequalae after 12-month follow-up. Method(s): 354 patients were evaluated in our post-COVID-clinic from June 2020 to January 2021. Symptoms and functional parameters were recorded. According to the absence or presence of HRCT abnormalities after 12-months, patients were categorized as recovered (REC) or not recovered (NOT-REC) and the extension of radiographic changes was scored. Result(s): 296/354 patients(84%) completed the 12-month follow up. 21/296(7%) presented pulmonary sequelae with a mean extension of interstitial changes of 11% of the whole lung. REC displayed a median full recovery time of 131(60-203) days. Compared to REC, NOT-REC were mainly current smokers [3(14%) vs.12(4%);p=0.05], with a longer in-hospital stay [13 (7.5-40.5) vs.10.0(6.0-16.0);p=0.02], need for a higher maximal FiO2 during hospitalization [60(29-100) vs. 33 (21-65);p<0.004] and higher intensity medical care [10(48%) vs.48(17%);p<0.001]. Conversely, lung function did not differ [FVC 97%(88-109) vs.93(82-105),p=0.32;FEV1 102% (86-116) vs. 96(85-106);p=0.11]. Conclusion(s): A low percentage of patients discharged for COVID-19 pneumonia showed fibrotic-like changes at 12month follow-up, yet with preserved lung function. They are mainly current smokers, with a higher level of medical care during hospitalization and a prolonged in-hospital stay.